(ii) Research Report on Advanced Derivatives Monitoring System at Home and Awide

There are three factors to judge the market manipulation: the ability to influence the price, the willingness to influence the price and the price affected by human. The CFTC defines manipulation as "any premeditated operation or transaction that can cause or maintain artificial price." Its types mainly include hoarding, forcing, spreading false information to distort prices, and buying and selling commodities or securities on a large scale in a short period of time. Most of these market manipulation behaviors seek illegitimate interests by distorting market transaction volume and transaction price. In practice, market manipulation is divided into single market manipulation and cross market manipulation according to the number of markets involved.

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